TULISAN
NAMA : TAZKYA
RAMADHANTY
KELAS : 4EA16
NPM : 16210841
1. Transjakarta
TransJakarta is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in
Jakarta, Indonesia. It was the first BRT system in Southern and Southeast Asia.
The TransJakarta system began operations on January 25, 2004. As of February
14, 2013 the 12th corridor was added officially, with 3 more currently
corridors in progress. TransJakarta was designed to provide Jakarta citizens
with a fast public transportation system to help reduce rush hour traffic. The
buses run in special lanes and ticket prices are subsidized by the regional
government. At the 10th years of TransJakarta operation anniversary, the buses
carried more than 350,000 passengers per day with more than 500 buses in
operation and more than a hundred in maintenace and for reserve.[1] The subsidy
per passenger-ticket in 2011 was around Rp 2,900 ($0.29) and for 2012 the
subsidy is expected be around Rp 2,100 ($0.21) per passenger-ticket.[2]
Currently TransJakarta has the world's longest BRT routes (172 km in
length).
Characteristics
The characteristics
of TransJakarta as listed in an Asian Development Bank study were:
▪ Closed Trunk
System without a Feeder System
▪ Elevated
Platform for Rapid Boarding and Alighting
▪ Public
Sector Bus Procurement and Private Sector Bus Operation
▪ Operating at
65,000 passengers/day (higher than projected) (2004)
History and
problems
TransJakarta bus on
the dedicated bus lane.
The first TransJakarta line opened to the public on
January 15, 2004. Following two weeks in which it was free to use, commercial
operations started on February 1, 2004. TransJakarta was built to provide a
fast, comfortable, and affordable mass transportation system. To accomplish
those objectives, the buses were given lanes restricted to other traffic and
separated by concrete blocks on the streets that became part of the busway
routes. There were some initial teething problems, such as when the roof of one
of the buses rammed into a railway tunnel. In addition, many buses had
technical issues such as broken doors and stop buttons. In order to promote
gender equity, TransJakarta is increasing the number of female driver recruits.
The projected proportion is 30% of the total. The buses run along the following
routes:
▪ January 15,
2004: Koridor 1, Blok M to Kota (soft launch)
▪ February 1,
2004: Koridor 1, Blok M to Kota (commercial service)
▪ January 15,
2006: Koridor 2 (Pulo Gadung to Harmoni) and Koridor 3 (Kalideres to Pasar
Baru) opened
▪ January 27,
2007: Koridor 4, (Pulo Gadung to Dukuh Atas 2), Koridor 5 (Kp. Melayu to
Ancol), Koridor 6 (Halimun to Ragunan) and Koridor 7 (Kampung Rambutan to
Kampung Melayu) opened
▪ February 21,
2009: Koridor 8 (Lebak Bulus to Harmoni) opened
▪ December 31,
2010: Koridor 9, (Pluit to Pinang Ranti) and Koridor 10 (PGC Cililitan to
Tanjung Priok) opened.
▪ March 18,
2011 Koridor 9 was the solely corridor served until 11.00 pm. Followed by
Koridor 1, with intersection with Corridor-9 at Semanggi shelter, but not all
of shelters serve in this program.[4][5]
▪ May 20, 2011
Corridor-2 and Corridor-3 initialized to serve until 11.00pm, but only open 9
shelters out of 22 on Corridor-2 and 9 out of 13 shelters on Corridor-3 remain
open during the extended hours.
▪ July 1, 2011
Corridors-4 to 7 have already began with the late night service, so all
corridors now has already deployed late night service, except Corridor-8.[7]
▪ September
28, 2011 the feeders have been launched with Route 1 from West Jakarta
Municipal Office to Daan Mogot, Route 2 from Tanah Abang to Medan Merdeka
Selatan and Route 3 from SCBD to Senayan. The fare will be Rp.6,500 ($0.72),
which cover tickets for both the feeder service and TransJakarta buses.[8]
▪ December 13,
2011: Transjakarta began separate male and female passengers, as is done by pt
kai commuter jabodetabek. The woman-only areas located between middle door and
driver cabins.
▪ December 28,
2011: Corridor 11th Kp. Melayu-Pulo Gebang opened.
▪ February 14,
2013: Corridor 12th Pluit - Tanjung Priok is officially opened.
Accidents and
incidents
From January to July 2010 there were 237 accidents
involving TransJakarta buses, resulting in 57 injuries and eight deaths.
Accidents occurred due to pedestrians crossing the busway and cars making
u-turns. In 2011, in an effort to stop non TransJakarta vehicles using the bus
lanes, the Jakarta Police Chief suggested that TransJakarta buses should run
against the direction of traffic flow.[9] Usually non-TransJakarta vehicles
used busway lanes during peak hours between 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. to 7
p.m.[10]
On January 12, 2012
a policeman from Indonesian Police Headquarters, who is hired by Securicor,
fired his gun near the ear of a TransJakarta officer, after threatening to kill
him. The policeman was angry after the TransJakarta officer stopped the
Securicor car from entering the busway lane which only allows TransJakarta
buses, ambulances and firefighter to enter. The police spokesman said that the
policeman will be charged by criminal law or disciplinary sanction.
Hijack
On March 12, 2012
four TransJakarta buses were hijacked by alleged university students at the
Medan Merdeka Selatan street. The buses were then driven to the front of the
Universitas Kristen Indonesia (Christian University of Indonesia) campus. Three
drivers were able to escape from their buses, but one driver was prevented from
leaving and forced to drive the hijackers to their destination. Bus' fire
extinguishers, glass-breaking hammers and driver's jackets were also taken.
Buses
Each bus is
constructed with passengers' safety in mind. For example the body frame is
constructed using Galvanyl (Zn - Fe Alloy), a strong and rust-resistant metal.
There are also eight or ten glass-shattering hammers mounted on some of the
window frames, and three emergency doors for fast evacuation during an
emergency. There are also two fire extinguisher at the front and back of the
buses.The Mercedes-Benz OH and Hino RG air-conditioned buses are painted red
and yellow, with a picture of a young Brahminy Kite, which looks very similar
to a bald eagle grasping a tree branch with three snakefruit on it. The buses
use special fuel which is (a mix of diesel and biodiesel). For Corridor 2 (bus
colors: blue and white) and 3 (bus colors: yellow and red), the buses are
CNG-fueled Daewoo buses imported from South Korea. Due to various coachbuilders
being involved and design tweaks applied over time, the exterior and interior
appearance, quality, and comfort varies between busses operating in the same
corridor. The capacity of each bus is 30 seated and 55 standing passengers,
though during rush hours these numbers are often exceeded by up to 80
passengers per bus. TransJakarta also operates Chinese-made Huanghai,
Zhongtong, Ankai, local-made Komodo and Inobus articulated buses on long and
straight corridors, such as Corridor 5. The passenger doors are higher than on
normal buses so that passengers can only board from designated shelters. The
doors employ automated folding mechanisms which can be manually controlled by
the driver. Because the normal folding doors cannot open properly when the bus
is overcrowded, buses on corridors II and III use sliding doors in order to
accommodate the surge of passengers during rush hours. Protective full-height
acrylic glass barriers are installed behind passenger seats close to the
sliding door mechanism. Seats in all buses face the aisle to optimize
passengers' movement during rush hours. Corridor 1 buses use comfortable
cushioned bus seats, the buses from subsequent corridors have less cushioned,
hence less comfortable, seats.
Each bus is equipped with an electronic board and
speakers that announce the name of shelters in two languages, Indonesian and
English. Each bus is also equipped with a bi-directional radio transceiver to
allow the driver to provide and recaive updated information regarding traffic
jams, road accidents or lost items. To keep the air fresh, especially during
rush hours each bus is equipped with automatic air freshener dispensers which
periodically spray car fragrance.
In August 2011,
TransJakarta operator has installed cameras on one bus for a trial period. The
plan is to install 4 cameras on all buses gradually in efforts to improve
services such as to inform passengers waiting for buses about how crowded
approaching buses are and prevent sexual harassment on its service.
Shelters
View from the
Shelter's stairs.
TransJakarta
shelters are different from ordinary bus stops. They are usually located in the
middle of the road and are reached by elevated bridges. The stop in front of
the well-known Sarinah shopping center on Jl Thamrin in Central Jakarta has
elevators.
The shelters are
made of from aluminum, steel, and glass. Air ventilation works through fins on
the aluminum part of the shelters. Floors are made from tread plate. The doors
of shelters open automatically when a bus arrives. Some of the connecting
elevated bridge ramps have gentle slopes (with some exceptions) to accommodate
the disabled. One disadvantage of some of the ramps is that passengers need to
walk a relatively long way up the ramps and then double back to reach the
boarding shelters. The floors of the bridge are mostly tread plates although
some are made from concrete. One problem with the tread plate is that
considerable noise is generated by the movement of passengers across the tread
plate surfaces. Another problem is that some of the tread plate surfaces can
become very slippery during the rainy season. There are no sanitary facilities
in most of the shelters.
Bus stops are open
from 05:00 – 22:00 although opening hours can be extended if there are
passengers still waiting at closing time. Shelters often become extremely
overcrowded because of long and sometimes unpredictable intervals between
buses. According to a report from the Indonesian Consumers Protection
Foundation in 2011, the most common complaint from passengers about the service
offered by Transjakarta was the lengthy waiting time for buses at some of the
main shelters.[17]
A free daily
internal bulletin, 'Trans Kota', is occasionally available at selected
shelters. The content includes sport, showbusiness, crime, health, various tips
and tricks, consumer information and TransJakarta news.
The large Harmoni Central Busway (HCB) shelter on
Jalan Gadjah Mada, Central Jakarta, is built over the Ciliwung River. It is a
transit point between Corridors 1, 2, and 3. This 500-person shelter has six
doors. Although many trees had to be sacrificed during the construction of it,
an old banyan tree was not chopped down because it was considered rich in
historical value. However, in October 2006 this tree was vandalized by people
from the Pemuda Persatuan Islam religious group. Their motive was to show that
the tree does not possess supernatural qualities.
Ticketing and fares
A gate to check
tickets.
The cost of a
TransJakarta ticket since its initial operation is a flat rate of Rp 2,000
($0.22) at concessional times (05.00a.m. to 07.00a.m.) and Rp 3,500 (about 30
US cents) all other times. Passengers who wish to change direction or transit
to other corridors do not need to pay again, provided they do not exit the
shelter. An exception is in effect at the line terminus.
Passengers can
purchase a single paper ticket at the ticket booth in the shelter. It is also
possible to pay the fare by tapping a card provided by numerous major banks
that can be used as a debit card as well. [18]
Passengers
During rush hours,
people from upper or middle classes (one of the main targets of TransJakarta)
usually prefer to use private cars or taxis to avoid inconvenience of the
overcrowded Transjakarta buses even though they have to bear with traffic jams
instead. Many passengers are thus lower-middle-class people who are ex-users of
other less comfortable and/or more expensive commercial buses.
This situation is
at odds with one of the initial objectives of TransJakarta which was to reduce
traffic jam during rush hours by persuading private car owners to use
comfortable public transport.
There is a special
program for the student groups called Transjakarta goes to school. Participants
in program there are assigned a dedicated bus. The aim is to train students to
stand in line, be decent, and prefer public transport than personal vehicles.
Routes
Main article:
TransJakarta Corridors
There are 12 active
corridors and 3 more being planned:[19]
▪ Corridor 1:
Kota - Blok M [20][21]
▪ Corridor 2:
Pulo Gadung - Harmoni
▪ Corridor 3:
Kalideres - Pasar Baru
▪ Corridor 4:
Pulo Gadung - Dukuh Atas 2
▪ Corridor 5:
Ancol - Kampung Melayu
▪ Corridor 6:
Dukuh Atas 2 - Ragunan
▪ Corridor 7:
Kampung Melayu - Kampung Rambutan
▪ Corridor 8:
Lebak Bulus - Harmoni
▪ Corridor 9:
Pluit - Pinang Ranti
▪ Corridor 10:
Tanjung Priok - PGC 2
▪ Corridor 11:
Kampung Melayu - Pulo Gebang
▪ Corridor 12:
Pluit - Tanjung Priok [22][23]
▪ Corridor 13:
Blok M - Pondok Kelapa - (Planned Operation on 2014)
▪ Corridor 14:
Manggarai - University of Indonesia (Planned Operation on 2015)
▪ Corridor 15:
Ciledug - Blok M (Planned Operation on 2015)
In addition to the
15 main corridors, TransJakarta, in cooperation with other public
transportation companies, provides feeder buses to passengers from suburbs
outside Jakarta to a bus terminus. thumbnail.
2. Gunadarma
univercity
Gunadarma History
Indonesia is continually facing the wave of computerization,
this happened to be the answer of a question about the needs of computer
education for the nation. Hence, in August 7th 1981 a computer education
program was launched by the name of Computer Science Education Program. This
program provides not only a course deals with computer utilization but also a
high education institution that deepen the knowledge of computer science. The
proof showed an improvement, thus, a foundation of Mathematics Research Operation
and System Analyst Development was formed to accommodate Computer Science
Education Program that later turned out to be Indonesia Computer Science
Academy. The road to perfection hadn’t stopped yet; the academy was raising
level to a High School. For the intention, the school must have the same name
as the Foundation’s that runs it. Eventually by the date of August 14th 1984,
Kopertis III consolidated the name Gunadarma Computer and Informatics
Management High School (STMIK Gunadarma) along with the name of Gunadarma
Education Foundation. The name of “Gunadarma” was chosen the inspirational
thoughts of an architect that built one of “Seven World of wonder”, that is
Borobudur Temple, by the era of Syailendra dynasty. More over, Gunadarma means
also a sincere intention of dedication to the society through a high school.
STMIK Gundarma was located in Jalan Salemba Raya 53, Jakarta. A year after the
consolidation, Department of Education and Culture gave a status of “terdaftar”
(listed) to STMIK Gunadarma through a decree of Minister of Education and
Culture number 0424/0/1985 for Diploma 3 and Strata 1 title, in October 5th
1985. The world of computer education that infects business world has proven to
be interesting for public. The enthusiasm made the campus could not accommodate
any longer until finally STMIK Gunadarma opened its new campus in Pondok Cina,
Depok. More over, the quality of education was improved to accommodate public
demands. This achievement ought STMIK Gunadarma into the status of “disamakan”
(equalized) through the decree of Minister of Education and Culture number
0490/0/1989 in August 1989. The success doesn’t stop here; the foundation
produced another high school named Gunadarma Economic High School (STIE
Gunadarma) in January 13th 1990 with its main program is Economic Science
divided into the majors of Management and Accounting emphasized in computer
application. By the decree of General Director of DIKTI number
92/Kep/Dikti/1996 dated April 3rd 1996, these two high schools were merged into
GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY. This merger was intended to create a huge basis to
anticipate the future by producing professional, reliable successors in the
basis of information technology for the nation facing the globalization.
Indonesia, where
Gunadarma University resides, is located in Asia—more precisely in South East
Asia. The country, which has more than 17.000 islands and has more than two
hundred millions people, is known as a multicultural country whose people live
in harmony with its natural environment as well as its beautiful natural
sceneries. Jakarta, a metropolitan city with its close to ten million
populations, is the capital city of Indonesia. Gunadarma University, one out of
approximately 2700 private universities in the country, instead of located in
Jakarta, is located at the City of Depok, which is administratively part of the
Province of West Java. However, it is situated within 20 kilometers south of
Jakarta. The city is relatively close to Jakarta, which has a rich cultural
life with plenty of entertainment and leisure activities.
A ief description of Jakarta and Depok
Jakarta is a metropolitan , a business and service
city which cover around 650 km2. Various ethnics and nationalities live in
harmoniously and peacefully in the city bordered by Java sea. The fast growth
of various business centers, hotels, and apartments, recreation centers,
government offices, education facilities, and other public facilities makes
Jakarta as the main barometer of national development. Jakarta is surrounded by
two big satellite cities namely Depok and Bekasi city. These cities are located
in tropical and humid area and their temperature are around 24 degree Celsius.
Rainy season occurs from October to April and Dry season started from April to
October.
Several campuses of
Gunadarma Universities are located in Depok and Bekasi, which can be reached by
train for 30 minutes from Jakarta. Depok is a comfortable and environmental
friendly education city that is populated around 100 thousand students out of
total population numbers. The concentration of student’s life is on Margonda
Raya Street that become the landmark and boulevard of Depok City. The campus
location of Gunadarma University is supported by various public facilities in
the surroundings of Depok City Center which supports 24 hours students life.
The availability of
student apartments, shopping centers, easy and low cost transportation, and low
cost of living makes Depok the main destination of education in Indonesia.
Living Cost in Depok.
Approximately, monthly living cost in Depok starts
from US$350. Generally, such amount is enough to pay apartment or to rent a
house with monthly costs around US$50. The minimal cost for meal, clothing and
recreation is about US$250. Meanwhile for internal transportation in Depok will
cost US$50 per month. Depok can be reached in 30 minutes from Jakarta by
executive train that costs US$1.5 or by executive bus that costs US$1. The
night life in campus and surroundings is completed with various food choices
and cozy places to hang-out that is available for 24 hours in Margonda Raya
Street. Traditional and international food menus with reasonable price are
served in Depok.
ICT-based
teaching-and-learning processes and academic information services are one of
the specific characteristics of UG. This is in line with its vision ”to become
a leading ICT-based university”. UG has 10 campuses which are located in
several strategic locations and are spread in the Metropolitan City of Jakarta
and its surroindings. All campuses are connected by both Intranet and Internet
networks. With Internet networks having capacity of 21 Mbps which are used,
among others, for video conference and being supported by fiber optics network
systems, fixed wireless, and the UG-Hot Zone, UG applies teaching-and-learning
processes utilizing virtual class and virtual laboratory. Academic information
services have been equipped by student digital locker, free-internet lounge,
UG-mobile, as well as by an Internet-based Job Placement and Career Development
Center.
3. Kalimalang river
Kalimalang is a time or rivers that supply water to the
PAM (water company) to the city and surrounding communities, which is now a
commercial street. This road is also one way of commerce because it covers 6
districts. Located 20 kilometers from Cawang to the Bekasi area. Kalimalang
road from New Cawang - Pondok Bambu - Cipinang Melayu - Coconut Cottage -
Lampiri - Transito - Sources Arta - Jakapermai - galaxy - Earth Satria
Kencanadan ended in Metropolitan Mall Bekasi. Kalimalang raw water source is
derived from Jatiluhur, Purwakarta. Flowing trace Cikampek, Cikarang, Cibitung,
Tambun and Bekasi. Kalimalang latter term is identical to the course that is in
addition to time or also an unusual river, generally form the river from
upstream to downstream, or from the mountains to the sea, but the river /
Kalimalang is shaped transverse from the reservoir in Purwakarta to Halim,
Jakarta does not go to sea, therefore called Kalimalang. Habits People always
throw trash and defecate coupled with other activities such as bathing children
make Kalimalang become unhygienic water again, but Kalimalang water is a source
of raw water for the water needs of the majority of the river's flow into the
territory East Jakarta and Bekasi area. Coupled with the presence of a mound of
rubbish on the edge this time kumplit already resulted in the river water
pollution problems we Kalimalang this.
As it has been said that the next mayor of Bekasi will be held jobs related to flood management in Bekasi, one of which is the construction workmanship Chiffon Kali Malang budget using using state budget funds and a grant from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). WTC Irrigation channel which divides the city of Bekasi from east to west and Bekasi River which divides from south to north. Later both the river flow will rely around the weir Bekasi, Bekasi.
From Bekasi Weir, Kali Malang water that has been united with the water supplied to the Bekasi River westward to areas of Jakarta, in addition to maintaining the quality of raw water from Jatiluhur, separation WTC Irrigation Channels with Kali Bekasi can also minimize flooding to urban areas . Therefore it is imperative in the development plan of the culvert required careful technical planning in accordance with Law no. 11, 1971 On the Water in Article 8 says that the Water Regulation and Administration of Irrigation and Water Development prepared on the basis of planning and technical planning in the public interest.
As it has been said that the next mayor of Bekasi will be held jobs related to flood management in Bekasi, one of which is the construction workmanship Chiffon Kali Malang budget using using state budget funds and a grant from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). WTC Irrigation channel which divides the city of Bekasi from east to west and Bekasi River which divides from south to north. Later both the river flow will rely around the weir Bekasi, Bekasi.
From Bekasi Weir, Kali Malang water that has been united with the water supplied to the Bekasi River westward to areas of Jakarta, in addition to maintaining the quality of raw water from Jatiluhur, separation WTC Irrigation Channels with Kali Bekasi can also minimize flooding to urban areas . Therefore it is imperative in the development plan of the culvert required careful technical planning in accordance with Law no. 11, 1971 On the Water in Article 8 says that the Water Regulation and Administration of Irrigation and Water Development prepared on the basis of planning and technical planning in the public interest.
Air Pollution Kali Malang
Public understanding of the importance of preserving the
environment seems to be still lacking, as evidenced by the many buildings
constructed defecation along the river. While in addition to the above, a
variety of activities that lead to environmental pollution seems with the
advent of junk collectors who cleans junk former mill waste containing
chemicals in the watershed, including the already ragged thrift and certainly
pollute streams. In fact, the waters of the WTC as a feedstock for clean water
for people in Jakarta including the City and Bekasi.
The water in the channel Kalimalang obviously been contaminated waste, even, there are also chemical waste polluted due to the banks of the river, is now being used as a shelter thrift. E-coli contamination levels there ranged from 80,000 to 100,000 MPN per 100 mll of water. In fact, the threshold for e-coli feedstock water, only Rp 1,000 MPN/100 mll water.
Pollution levels are high in water content of the raw river also acknowledged WTC Director of PDAM Bekasi, Satria Fund. However, he said, it was still able to process the water becomes clean water to be consumed after processing must be adjusted to the Act 7 of 2004 on Water Resources, Article 59. Because if not, the higher the level of pollution in the water, and more and more chemicals are used. The use of chemicals widely, increase production costs are charged to the selling price of water to the public.
It is hoped that the Government can be more serious about the Right to Water socialize through:
• stewardship activities, provision, use, development, and utilization of water resources with reference to water resources management scheme specified in each basin.
• Utilization of water resources to harness the water resources in a sustainable manner with emphasis on the fulfillment of basic needs of life in a fair society.
• Utilization of water resources in an integrated and organized fair,
• Utilization of water resources based on the link between rain water, surface water, and groundwater with emphasis on the utilization of surface water.
Utilization of water resources by giving priority to social functions with due regard to the principles of justice and the water users pay for services and water resource management by involving the community.
Problems
The water in the channel Kalimalang obviously been contaminated waste, even, there are also chemical waste polluted due to the banks of the river, is now being used as a shelter thrift. E-coli contamination levels there ranged from 80,000 to 100,000 MPN per 100 mll of water. In fact, the threshold for e-coli feedstock water, only Rp 1,000 MPN/100 mll water.
Pollution levels are high in water content of the raw river also acknowledged WTC Director of PDAM Bekasi, Satria Fund. However, he said, it was still able to process the water becomes clean water to be consumed after processing must be adjusted to the Act 7 of 2004 on Water Resources, Article 59. Because if not, the higher the level of pollution in the water, and more and more chemicals are used. The use of chemicals widely, increase production costs are charged to the selling price of water to the public.
It is hoped that the Government can be more serious about the Right to Water socialize through:
• stewardship activities, provision, use, development, and utilization of water resources with reference to water resources management scheme specified in each basin.
• Utilization of water resources to harness the water resources in a sustainable manner with emphasis on the fulfillment of basic needs of life in a fair society.
• Utilization of water resources in an integrated and organized fair,
• Utilization of water resources based on the link between rain water, surface water, and groundwater with emphasis on the utilization of surface water.
Utilization of water resources by giving priority to social functions with due regard to the principles of justice and the water users pay for services and water resource management by involving the community.
Problems
Actual traffic congestion is a common thing but not so in
this road. Extremely severe congestion is already a must for any user menu in
the way. Congestion by users like in hell is caused by many things, including:
roads badly damaged, potholes, flooding in Cipinang Melayu, Traffic Light die,
metromini strike, traffic accidents, and others.
ORIGINS KALIMALANG
ORIGINS KALIMALANG
When we visited the town of Bekasi then we will see a
river that runs in the middle of the city of Bekasi, the length of the river
from the reservoir to the Purwakarta East Jakarta, sKalimalang name. Let us
discuss the origin of Kalimalang bit.
Kali Malang itself actually is not the time or the nature of the river, but manmade times. her intent in this river is to supply clean water from the reservoir. since that time the water quality in the area of Bekasi to Jakarta is not suitable for consumption.
Why call Kalimalang? average time in West Java's nature selalunya flows from south to north or north to south, since the beach in West Java is located in the north and the south. but Kalimalang river from east to west and transversely between existing natural time.
So Kalimalang made its position above the natural river flows from south to north, to details can be seen in the Malay Cipinang Kalimalang position is above the times sunter with crossed position Kalimalang sunter northward to the west.
Until now Kalimalang into rivers that supply water from the reservoir, the river never dry season despite drought comes, the more unique each of our country's independence day celebrations this river into a party of the people for traditional competitions.
Since when and by whom in her Kalimalang we still have not mendapaatkan source and clear information, some say this Kalimalang Dutch colonial some that say made in conjunction with Jatilahur reservoir. The river is clear among the most unique .. because it turns out there is a river above the river.
Kali Malang itself actually is not the time or the nature of the river, but manmade times. her intent in this river is to supply clean water from the reservoir. since that time the water quality in the area of Bekasi to Jakarta is not suitable for consumption.
Why call Kalimalang? average time in West Java's nature selalunya flows from south to north or north to south, since the beach in West Java is located in the north and the south. but Kalimalang river from east to west and transversely between existing natural time.
So Kalimalang made its position above the natural river flows from south to north, to details can be seen in the Malay Cipinang Kalimalang position is above the times sunter with crossed position Kalimalang sunter northward to the west.
Until now Kalimalang into rivers that supply water from the reservoir, the river never dry season despite drought comes, the more unique each of our country's independence day celebrations this river into a party of the people for traditional competitions.
Since when and by whom in her Kalimalang we still have not mendapaatkan source and clear information, some say this Kalimalang Dutch colonial some that say made in conjunction with Jatilahur reservoir. The river is clear among the most unique .. because it turns out there is a river above the river.
The data contained in the inscription of the
monument that was first discovered in 1878 in a scientific manner Tugu village,
Cilincing, Bekasi (since the 1970s Cilincing into the Jakarta area). The
contents of the inscription describes excavations Candrabaga River (Bhagasasi =
Bhagasi = Bekasi) by Rajadirajaguru and excavation Gomati River by Purnawarman
in year 22 of his reign. If we believe the sources of ancient history, we can
calculate the age of the Bekasi river where the past and present. The existence
of this river has a long story, a silent witness of human civilization over the
centuries. This country since the country formerly known as fertile with
melipah wealth. Because the soil is fertile, the people cultivate the land by
farming, farming, or gardening as a source of life. Water certainly be one
source of livelihood for humans, animals and plants, and other benefits as a
source of irrigation or irrigation fields. Tugu inscription that tells of the
kings of the river digging Tarumanegara imply meaning how leaders pay attention
to water as the needs of its people. For rice, the river is a source of
irrigation water supply to it. Illustrated how irrigation technology in the
future by utilizing the flow of water from the river for human needs, both for
daily needs as well as a source for planting.
4. 2014 ELECTION
Election of Members of the House of Representatives
, Regional Representatives Council and Legislative Council , 2014 ( 2014
regular Legislative disingkatPemilu ) held on 9 April 2014 to choose the 560
members of the House of Representatives ( DPR ) , 132 members of the Regional
Representative Council ( DPD ) , as well as members House of Representatives
(DPRD maupunDPRD Provincial District / City ) in Indonesia 2014-2019 period .
The election was held on 9 April2014 simultaneously in all parts of Indonesia .
But for Indonesian citizens abroad , election day is set by the local election
committee in their respective country of residence of voters before April 9,
2014. Election abroad is limited to members of the House of Representatives in
Jakarta constituency II , and no elections regional representatives .
Regulatory Changes
In the
general election law the latest namely Law No. 8 of 2012 , the House of
Representatives parliamentary threshold to be set at 3.5 % , up from the 2009
election by 2.5 % .
Participant
On September 7, 2012, the election commission
announced the list of 46 political parties who have signed up for the 2014
election , in which some of them are political parties for the first time
following the election of new or changed its name . 9 other parties are
participating in the Elections of 2009 managed to get seats in Parliament in
the period 2009-2014. On 10 September
2012 , the Commission passed a 34 parties eligible registration documents at
least 17 pieces . Furthermore, on
October 28, 2012 , KPU announced the 16 parties that pass the verification and
the administration will undergo factual verification . In its development , in accordance with the
decision of the Board of Honorary General Election , factual verification is
also done on the 18 parties that did not pass the verification administration .
The results of this factual verification set on January 8, 2013 , wherein the
Commission announces 10 parties as participants in the 2014 election . In
subsequent developments , the Commission 's decision was sued by several
political parties that did not pass the verification to the State
Administrative Tribunal , however, there are only two parties , namely the
Administrative Court granted the claim by the Crescent Star Party on March 18,
2013 and the Indonesian Justice and Unity Party on the 25th March 2013 .
Commission granted the administrative court ruling and set both parties
participated in legislative elections in 2014 . Here's a list of 12 national political party
participants Legislative General Elections 2014 and its serial number .
1 . Nasdem
Party
2 . PKB
Party
3 . PKS
4 . The
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
5 . Golkar
Party
6 .
Indonesia Movement Party
7 .
Democratic Party
8 . Amaat
National Party
9 .
Development Party
10 . The
People 's Conscience Party
11 .
Crescent Star Party
12 .
Indonesian Justice and Unity Party
ELECTION RESULTS 2014
The results of the 2014 election based
on the counting of votes and the interim final vote tallies for legislative
elections and presidential elections ( 2014 presidential election ) .
Calculation recapitulation 2014 election results will always be updated to the final
results released by the General Election Commission ( KPU ) set .
Legislative
Election Results 9 April 2014 ( FINAL by KPU )
TOTAL DATA
ENTRY :
PERCENTAGE
OF SOUND
6.72 %
9:04 %
6.79 %
18.95 %
14.75 %
11.81 %
10:19 %
7:59 %
6:53 %
5:26 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
1:46 %
0.91 %
100 %
* ) Due to
the adoption of the parliamentary threshold ( PT ) , the political party that
gained votes with a percentage of less than 3.50 % are not entitled to a seat
in the House .
statistical
• Number of
valid votes : 124 972 491
• The
number of invalid votes : 14,601,436
• Number of
voters : 139 573 927
• The
number of non-voters : 46,252,097
• Number of
registered voters : 185 826 024
2014 Presidential Election
2014
Presidential Election to determine people's choices Indonesian president
between Jokowi vs. Prabowo which will be held on July 9, 2014 . We as the
people of Indonesia will also determine the direction and future of our beloved
nation of Indonesia for the next 5 years .
Jokowi Candidates will be paired with Jusuf Kalla as
vice president . Prabowo Candidates will be paired with Hatta Rajasa as a
running mate . They all are the best sons of the Indonesian people who will
lead our country .
5. JIS
Jakarta International School (JIS) is a private,
international school in Jakarta, Indonesia. It was established in 1951 for
expatriate students living in Jakarta and is the largest international primary
and secondary school in Indonesia.
JIS has 2,400
students aged 3 to 18 from about 60 nationalities.The school adheres to North
American and other curriculum models from pre-kindergarten through grade 12. It
is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and the Council
of International Schools.The United States Department of State reports the
curriculum offered at Jakarta International School as "has a strong
international focus", and considers it one of the best schools overseas
for preparing students for American university entrance. JIS has three
campuses, two solely for Elementary students in Pattimura and Pondok Indah, and
one much bigger and considered the main campus for junior high and high school
students in Cilandak, South Jakarta.
History
Jakarta
International School was established in 1951, as a school for the children of
United Nations staff posted in Jakarta, the capital of the then newly
independent Indonesia.Due to an increased international presence in Jakarta,
the school moved into newer facilities at its Pattimura campus in 1953. In
1969, the school became the "Joint Embassy School" under the
sponsorship of the Australian, British, Yugoslavian, and United States
Embassies.Architectural and engineering practice International Design
Consultants (IDC) was commissioned to build additional facilities for the
school.
The new campus was built in Cilandak, a residential
area in South Jakarta. The Cilandak campus was completed in 1977 and serves as
the middle school and high school.The school adopted the name "Jakarta
International School" in 1978.
Facilities
Jakarta
International School has three campuses totalling 46 acres (190,000 m2)
and is one of the largest international schools in the world according to H2L2
Architecture. Pattimura Elementary (K-5) is located in the Kebayoran Baru area.
Pondok Indah Elementary (K-5) and Cilandak (6-12) are adjacent to each other in
Pondok Indah in South Jakarta.
Facilities are
mostly air-conditioned and include 184 classrooms, four theaters, three
cafeterias, three tennis courts, six gymnasiums, six playing fields, three
swimming pools, 18 science laboratories, design technology facilities, and four
libraries with a total of 130,000 volumes.The school has a three-level food
court, medical clinic, a school bus system run by the Bluebird company and an
ambulance.
Administration
Jakarta International School is an
Indonesian foundation (yayasan) overseen by a board of governors and a school
council, that functions like a school board or board of education. The School
Council is an eleven-member Board of Patrons; nine elected, four of whom are
elected by the parents and three appointed by the Founding Embassies. They, in
turn, appoint four other members, one of whom must be an Indonesian citizen.
JIS
is the largest international primary and secondary school in Indonesia,
enrolling 2,469 students from 61 nationalities during the 2007-2008 school
year. The five most commonly represented nationalities were the United States,
Republic of Korea, Indonesia, India, and Australia.
Secondary education
JIS
offers tuition for grades 1-12. Students undertake the JIS Diploma, and choose
to complete an International Baccalaureate Diploma, an International Advanced Placement Diploma (APID). Over 97
percent of graduating seniors go on to a university or college. For the 2010
graduating class, the universities that JIS students were mostly accepted in
included: Boston University, the University of Toronto and the University of
British Columbia.
Middle and High school
level students at Jakarta International School compete in intramural and
interscholastic sports throughout the year. JIS belongs to the Interscholastic
Association of Southeast Asian Schools (IASAS) which competes with
six international schools in Asia. IASAS schools host each other for tournaments,
exchanges, conventions and competitions. Three IASAS seasons per year frame the
HS sports and cultural competition calendar.
IASAS Sports:
Boys and Girls Varsity and Junior Varsity sports teams follow the IASAS season
schedule at JIS each year.
- Season One: cross-country, volleyball, soccer
- Season Two: basketball, rugby/touch, swimming, tennis
- Season Three: track and field, badminton, softball, golf
Cultural Convention:
Held in March, JIS participates in IASAS Cultural Convention, which includes
three separate components: "Art and Music", "Dance and Drama", and "Debate and Forensics".
JIS hosted the "Debate and Forensics" portion of Cultural Convention
during the 2012-2013 school year.
Threats and security
A
security gate at JIS
Since
its founding, JIS has been affected by the political and economic turbulence of
Jakarta, receiving both direct and indirect threats to its security. During the
1960s, an attempted coup d'état by the Communist Party of Indonesia forced the
evacuation of the school. In 1998, the school year ended early due to riots
leading up to President
Suharto's resignation, during which time most expatriate families
were evacuated from the country.[5]
JIS has also been a
potential target for terrorism. Following the 2002 Bali bombings, JIS and other international
schools in Jakarta closed for several weeks after warnings of a possible terror
attack. JIS was also on the target list
of the terrorist group responsible for the 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing, which killed
13 people.
In response to these
threats, JIS has made security upgrades. In 2002, the school added a
three-meter-high "blast wall," a "boom gate" in front of
the school, and protective security film over exterior windows. According to
the head of the Australian International School in
Jakarta, JIS received $2 million in US government security assistance in
2004. By 2005, the school had installed a security fence, with guards checking
cars before they enter the premises.
From May 2005 to June 2008,
counterterrorism officials stated their belief that the threat of a terrorist
attack in Jakarta had diminished, although authorities continued to stress the
need for vigilance.
Sumber:
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta_International_School
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar